Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service
Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service PDF, ePub eBook D0wnl0ad
Approximately 3 million veterans, slightly more than one-third of all veterans enrolled in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, live in rural areas. This pattern is likely to continue, as a comparable proportion of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans are from rural areas. The Rural Veterans Care Act of 2006 was signed into law to improve care for rural veterans. Ensuring that the health care needs of rural veterans are met has become a top priority for VA, resulting in a considerable expansion of community based outpatient clinics (CBOCs), inclusion of rural health/access as a research priority, and creation of the VA Office of Rural Health (ORH) in 2006. Although there have been reports comparing health quality of life (both physical and mental) for rural and urban veterans, it remains unclear whether the observed lower health quality of life in rural veterans is due to disparities in health care, differences in disease prevalence, or other population differences. This systematic review examines the evidence regarding potential disparities between rural and urban areas in health care provision and delivery, and how differences in health care may contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Differences in rural-urban prevalence rates of diseases and other health conditions are beyond the scope of this review. Because veterans who use VA health care have been found to use more non-VA health care overall, we expanded the focus of this review to include comparisons of rural vs. urban health care in non-VA health systems. Our first goal was to determine if a health care disparity exists across the urban-rural spectrum. For a disparity to exist, it would have to be demonstrated that health care outcomes of patients in rural areas differ from those of patients treated in urban areas for similar conditions. Because differences in health care process or delivery do not necessarily lead to disparities, we looked for evidence associating differences with poorer health outcomes. For the purposes of this review we conceptualized rural-urban disparities as differences in health care quality or availability. A second goal of the review was to identify areas for intervention should any disparities be found. In order to develop a meaningful intervention, specific information regarding differences in the structure of health care and the way it is administered (i.e., the process) would be critical. Since differences in health outcomes can occur for reasons other than differences in the health care systems themselves (e.g., accessibility), our third goal was to examine what, if any, nonhealth care factors (e.g., travel distance to a clinic) affected health outcomes. Because veterans who use VA health care actually use more non-VA health care overall,9 we expanded the focus of this review to include comparisons of rural vs. urban health care in non-VA health systems The key questions were: Key Question #1. Do adults with health care needs who live in rural areas have different intermediate (e.g., hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], Blood pressure, etc.) or final health outcomes (i.e., mortality, morbidity, quality of life [QOL]) than those living in urban areas? Key Question #2. Is the structure (e.g., types of available providers) or the process (e.g., likelihood of referral) of health care different for adults with health care needs who live in urban vs. rural environments? Key Question #3. If there are differences in the structure or the process of health care in rural vs. urban environments, do those differences contribute to variation in overall or intermediate health outcomes for adults with health care needs? Key Question #4. If there are differences in intermediate or final health outcomes for adult patients with health care needs, what other systems factors moderate those differences (e.g., availability of specialists, type of treatment needed, travel distance)?From reader reviews:
Frederick Roark:
The book with title Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review posesses a lot of information that you can learn it. You can get a lot of benefit after read this book. This specific book exist new understanding the information that exist in this guide represented the condition of the world now. That is important to yo7u to know how the improvement of the world. This kind of book will bring you inside new era of the the positive effect. You can read the e-book with your smart phone, so you can read that anywhere you want.
Darrell Mayo:
The book untitled Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review contain a lot of information on that. The writer explains the woman idea with easy technique. The language is very simple to implement all the people, so do not worry, you can easy to read the item. The book was written by famous author. The author provides you in the new period of time of literary works. You can actually read this book because you can continue reading your smart phone, or device, so you can read the book in anywhere and anytime. If you want to buy the e-book, you can open their official web-site along with order it. Have a nice examine.
Mario Curtin:
Reading a reserve make you to get more knowledge as a result. You can take knowledge and information from a book. Book is written or printed or highlighted from each source that will filled update of news. Within this modern era like now, many ways to get information are available for a person. From media social including newspaper, magazines, science publication, encyclopedia, reference book, book and comic. You can add your understanding by that book. Are you ready to spend your spare time to spread out your book? Or just trying to find the Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review when you required it?
Read Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service for online ebook
Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service Free PDF d0wnl0ad, audio books, books to read, good books to read, cheap books, good books, online books, books online, book reviews epub, read books online, books to read online, online library, greatbooks to read, PDF best books to read, top books to read Rural vs. Urban Ambulatory Health Care: A Systematic Review by U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research & Development Service books to read online.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar